Technological Ramblings ….

how to transfer files over network using scp

Secure Copy or scp is a command line utility that allows you to copy files and folders between two locations. These locations can be on the same machine, on different disk drives on the same machine or even on remote machines. The utility takes care of the security and permissions while transferring the files which makes it easier to copy files.

how to list user groups in linux from command line

Users and User Groups are one of the primary concepts in Linux security. A big part of security is the regular maintenance of the system including removing defunct users, reviewing group membership of users and monitoring group and file permissions.

how to read and search with in a PDF document

Portable Document Format (PDF) is one of the most widely used open standard for documents. It is a complex format that is designed for publishing output but not a whole lot of further modifications. It became popular for a whole lot of reasons, but editing was probably not one of them.

how to insert vertical line in html and css

It is easy enough to insert or draw a horizontal line in html. But how do you draw a vertical line in html? Unlike for the horizontal line, there is no single tag in html that will draw the vertical line. But that does not mean it is impossible to do so.

how to test the read and write speeds of a hard disk in linux

One of the important factors that determine how fast your computer works is the speed of your hard drive. Generally, the faster the CPU can read and write from your drive, the faster the applications can run. Having a larger RAM can often help with the speed of the applications, but hard disk speed also plays a major part.

how to make an image in a webpage clickable in HTML?

A clickable image is an image that acts also as an HTML hyperlink. Clicking on any part of the image will redirect the user to another URL or webpage. You can make any image on a webpage clickable.

how to transfer files between computers or over the network

Quite often you will need to transfer files from one location to another, many times large files. File transfer is a term that is generally used to refer to the process of transmitting files from one machine to another machine over a computer network such as LAN, WAN or the even the internet.

how to rename or change the theme name in wordpress

Themes are one of the most important part or feature of WordPress. Themes are an easy way to "skin" your website and provide it an unique design and layout with out having to modify any of the underlying code. Most themes are usually plug-and-play, meaning it can easily be installed and activated using the WordPress UI.

how to use 'for' loop in bash shell scripts

If you have done any programming in any language, you should be familiar with loops. Almost all computer programming languages have some version of a loop statement. It is a language construct that allows you to execute a specific piece of code repeatedly, often with different set of data.

how to find common lines of text in files in linux

Let's say you have two or more text files that you want to compare. When comparing files, it is usually one of two things that you are trying to achieve…1) Find all common lines in both files or all files and/or 2) Find all differing lines in both files.

how to schedule and run a command without cron in linux

In Linux and Unix systems, you can schedule any command or program to run at definite intervals (or at pre-defined times) using the job scheduler framework. The most popular job-scheduling utility is cron, and the jobs run are commonly referred to as the cron jobs.

how to use brace expansion characters in linux command line and shell scripts

If you are a Linux power user, you are probably working a lot with command shell both the command line interface (CLI) as well as shell scripts. Linux command line provides a lot of flexibility and powerful options when working with different commands: regular expressions, wildcards, meta characters, operators, file and i/o redirection, brace expansion etc etc.

linux: how to replace text in file from command line

Linux has several different utilities that can perform string or text manipulation. Depending on your environment and the tools that are available, you should be able to easily parse, find and replace any string in a text file. Almost every single text editor comes with a find and replace feature with a UI, so we are going to only explore how it can be done from the command line.

how to prompt for input from user in a linux shell script

When writing shell scripts, you will have scenarios you want to get input from the command line. And you would want to perform some specific action based on the user input. Programming a shell script to accept user input from the console is quite simple. We will see some examples of how you can do this in a bash script.

how to count the number of delimiters in a text file in linux

It is easy enough to count lines in a text file, also it is easy enough to count characters with in a text file. So, counting delimiters in the text file should be just as simple. The delimiters are usually nothing but characters and counting those characters will give the count of delimiters in the file.

how to change or edit the hostname of your linux system

The hostname is the name set to identify your machine by other users (or yourself) in a human readable way. The name of a Linux machine is usually set during the installation process. Sometimes you want to change the name of the machine so that it best represents the function or purpose of the machine.

how to change the default search engine in mozilla firefox

Mozilla Firefox provides the ability to perform a web search using the search toolbar or the search field in the toolbar. The default search engine in Firefox is set to Google. In addition to the search text field, it is also possible to perform a web search directly from the URL or location bar.

how to change the bash command prompt to something useful and productive

If you work on Linux or Unix systems, then it is very likely that you have worked on terminals. A terminal can have different shells and it is very likely that you already have a favorite shell that you use. Bash is one the most popular command shells that is used, and it even comes standard on many distributions.

how to change the default search engine in google chrome

Google Chrome supports various different search engines. You can change default search engine to any these, which provides you with the ability to search from the address bar or omnibox directly. In addition to the preset search engines, Google Chrome also detects and collects search functions from the various websites that you search on.

how to call shell script (.sh) file from another shell script

When writing or developing shell scripts in Linux, you might want to call or execute another script file from with in the current script. There are three different ways you can do this, and which method you want to use will depend on what your requirements are.

how and why to add docType to your HTML pages…in both HTML 5 and HTML 4

Hyper Text Meta Language or HTML is the language used create webpages. All the web browsers can parse and understand HTML code and then render them appropriately as visual elements that is seen as webpages.

The HTML has been designed and developed over a long period of time, which means that there are several different versions and types of the language. The first line in your HTML file should refer to the document type (the type and version of the language) that is used in the page. This allows the web browsers and other programs to parse the file correctly using the exact language specification.

7 things that you will find to be different when using a linux operating system

Unix has been a NOT so popular operating system for end users that has been around almost since the computers were invented. Linux is a variation of Unix that has made some serious inroads as a viable desktop environment, but still is struggling to gain much foothold in the end user market.

the ergodox ez glow: the keyboard worth considering

Just like most, my quest for an ergonomic keyboard and mouse started one fine morning when I felt a tingling sensation in my left ring and pinkie fingers. It was not bad. I still had full power in my fingers and there was no pain, just a tingling sensation similar to pins and needles that you get from paresthesia. It lasted for several weeks and the doctor commented that it might be the start of carpal tunnel syndrome.

how to make shell script executable from anywhere in linux

In Linux, shell scripts are the standard staple of everyday life. Most programs or software in Linux and Unix use some script file to start or run. It is roughly equivalent to executable files in Windows. You will also be able to create custom shell scripts to automate many of the everyday tasks as well.

how to list folders or directories in linux

In Linux, everything is implemented as "Files". That mostly means that they all share several "common" features/properties while having some unique properties of their own. All files and folders are implemented the same way, as Files. That is a very abstract explanation of the whole thing and there are still some differences between file systems.

how to take a complete webpage screenshot using google chrome

There are several desktop screen capture utilities which allow you to take screenshots of your desktop, but not many them provide support to take the screenshot of an entire webpage. Usually the entire webpage is not visible at one time on your screen or browser, requiring you to scroll either vertically or horizontally. This makes it challenging to use a desktop utility for the screenshots of the full webpage.

specify a "Vary: Accept-Encoding" header for better caching

"The following publicly cacheable, compressible resources should have a "Vary: Accept-Encoding" header."

If you are serious about your website or blog, then you must have been using different webpage analyzer tools in the quest to make it more efficient and to improve the speed.The above error/warning message is probably one of the many suggestions you might have seen from these tools. It is also one of the most common errors found by analyzers.

how to find all hard links to a file or folder in linux

In many operating systems such Linux and Unix, file linking is a commonly used feature. There are typically two different types of links that can be created: Soft or Symbolic Links vs Hard Links. Hard Links are special files that associates a name with an already existing file in the file system. This is one way to create an alias to the file content, using multiple names.

how to find RAM info in linux including size, speed and type

Sometimes you will need to find specific information about the memory or RAM (Random Access Memory) on your computer. The RAM info in linux will contain various things like the speed, size, type, data width, vendor id among others. This can especially be useful if you are planning to upgrade the machine and need to know the exact version as supported and details of the memory currently installed.

how to change the default shell of an user in linux?

There are several different command shells available to you in Linux. bash, csh, tcsh, ksh, zsh, sh and fish are just a few of the popular ones that can be used by an user from the command line. As a system administrator, you can specify a default shell for the user. The user can however choose the run another shell of his choice later by overriding the default shell.

how to delete symbolic links in linux

Symbolic links and symlinks are one of the most popular features of posix based Linux systems. The symbolic links gives you the ability to duplicate files in the system with different names and location with out the need to create copies of the file.

10 most popular command line text editors and viewers in linux and unix

The command line interface (CLI) is a very important feature in Linux and Unix environments that you should master to get the most out of these systems. Almost all functions/features that you can perform in a desktop environment can be done using a command line. This function can be highly beneficial when you are working remotely using ssh or something similar.

how to take a screenshot (screen capture) on a linux desktop

It is probably not quite often that you need to take a screenshot or screen capture, but it does come in handy in some situations. If you happen to be a tech blogger, it comes in handy more often than not. Taking a screenshot of a desktop or webpage is not quite difficult, there are several software and services that lets you do it quite easily. The challenge is to choose the right software depending on the screenshot you want to take. There are mainly two different types of screenshots that you might want to take : a desktop or a webpage.

how to forward ports on a network router

Network Routers are an integral part of your home network. Most applications and services works without having to open up ports on your router. But sometimes there are some applications, such as multiplayer games, p2p networks and web servers that necessitates the need for certain ports to be open or forwarded so that they can function correctly.

how to use google fonts (web fonts) in webpages

There are several inherent font issues that you deal with when designing a website. Many of these issues resulted in very few fonts being available to the designer and effectively used on the web pages. Web designers had to specify multiple fonts some as backup or fallback fonts and to rely on font families. None of these were the ideal solution to the issue of guaranteeing the exact same look and feel across browsers and operating systems.

how to append and set your path variable in linux

PATH or the path variable as it is commonly known, is an environment or system variable in operating systems, such as Unix or Linux that defines a set of directories in a specific order. These directories often contain executable programs and is used by the OS to search through in order to find and execute the most appropriate or relevant command. Each executing process and user session in a operating system has its own path variable.

the quest for the perfect keyboard layout for emacs

So after you get an ergonomic keyboard, is there something else you can do to improve the efficiency and make the typing more comfortable? There sure is….the first to do is to learn to touch type. If you are a hunt-peck-and-hunt typist then it is probably a wise move to invest some time in learning to touch type.

7 of the best web browsers that you can use in linux

Everybody needs a web browser. The web browser is probably one of mostly widely used tools in this day of cloud computing and internet. Google even made an operating system out of a browser. What browser you use depends much on its feature set and your own preferences. Almost all of the popular web browser today, have a very similar set of features.

seo: how to specify character encoding in html web pages

There are several different things you can do to optimize your web pages, that will allow them to load faster across web browsers. A fast page load time will help with the SEO and allow you to have some advantages with search engine rankings over time. One of the recommendations is to specify the correct character encoding early in the computation process of rendering.

how to enable and disable ssh in linux

ssh or secure shell is a network protocol that allows you to perform various network services remotely and securely over an unsecured network. There are several different operations that can be performed using the ssh protocol. The most common are probably logging in or connecting to a remote machine and transferring files over the network to a remote machine.

how to apply a patch to a file in linux

Patch files are usually text files that are used to easily transfer changes or modifications to files, usually source code files. These patch files or patch as it is also called, contain only the differences between the original and updated files and is much smaller in size than the original file. The file differences are stored in a pre-determined format such that these differences can easily be merged into the requisite files to produce the final updated file.

seo: 9 ways to improve server response time of your website

The most important factor in Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is the overall page loading time. If you have a fast loading page, then you might be able to get away with a lot of other issues. As you might already know, most of the SEO optimizations are geared towards making the webpage load faster.

how to install tarball (.tar.gz or .tar.bz2) files in linux or unix

Quite a lot of the software, especially open source software available on the Linux and Unix platforms are distributed as a tarball. A tarball is a file that is compressed and archived using tar and a compressor such as gzip or bz2. These files usually have a file extension such as .tar.gz or .tar.bz2 or something similar. This is the most common archive format used to ship or distribute both source code as well as installable programs.

how to show or display hidden files in linux

In Linux, as you should already know, there is the concept of hidden files and hidden folders. It is not exactly hidden in the literal sense, but all that means is that the file managers and file system utilities will not display these types of files (or folders) by default.

how to list all running services in linux from command line

In operating system talk, a service is an application that can be run in the background, usually in perpetuity in order to perform some task or waiting for service requests from other applications to perform tasks. All operating systems, including Linux has some kind of support for these type of applications. Services are also sometimes referred to as daemons.

how to center text horizontally inside an HTML element such as div or span

When coding your webpage layout in HTML, you will often need to center elements inside or with in another HTML element. Centering a text (or any element) means horizontally aligning the piece of content in the center of the parent tag. Quite often, it will be text that needs to centered but it can be an image or any other visual content.

how to disable XML-RPC in wordpress blogs

XML-RPC is an xml based protocol that is used to perform actions on a remote server. Both the client and server has to supports the protocol in order for this to happen. XML-RPC is an abbreviation for eXtensible Markup Language (XML) Remote Procedure Call (RPC). It is a remote procedural call protocol. It uses the XML language to converse and the HTTP as its transport mechanism.

how to take a webpage screenshot in mozilla firefox

There are several software programs which allows you to take the screenshot of your desktop, but sometimes you need to capture the screenshot of a webpage. It is easy enough to do it if the whole section of the screenshot that you wish to capture can be displayed on the screen. If you want to take the screenshot of a long website which requires you to scroll the browser, then the desktop programs are at a disadvantage here. You need a an extension or addon to capture a screenshot in Mozilla Firefox to do this.

how to specify dimensions of an image in HTML, CSS or Javascript

Images are an integral part of any or at least most webpages. Almost every single webpage that you find on the internet will have at least one image in it. Of course, you might find some manual pages (and some pages on this blog) that might be devoid of any image, but they are usually far and few in between.

how to search for text inside a file in the vi editor in linux

The vi or vim is a console based text editor in Linux. It is probably the most useful of Linux applications, in that you can quickly view and edit the text files right at the command shell. When viewing the text files, one of the useful features is the ability to search for a word or some text in the file.

how to delete files in linux from command line

The most commonly used command in Linux to remove or delete files is rm. The rm command can be used to remove files as well as directories. However, by default the deletion of directories is not enabled.

how to count files, links and sub-directories in a directory in linux

Often times it is natural for a directory to grow large in terms of the files and sub-directories in them. Although there is really no technical limitations for the amount files or sub-directories you can have in most modern Linux systems, you still might want to find the count of files and directories you have.

how to navigate directories in linux

One of the common task that you will perform when using the command line interface in Linux, is navigating directories. The Linux file system is hierarchical in nature and the top most directory is called the root and is denoted by the forward slash (/).

how to set your locale in linux

Locales are used in Linux to specify the language and the character set that should be used by the operating system. It is important to set the locale correctly, so that text can be shown and translated correctly and the characters are rendered appropriately. It is especially important if the character set include non-ASCII characters.

how to delete lines and sentences in emacs in linux

There are so many different text editors in Linux to choose from. Vi and emacs are probably two of the well known editors. There are probably several hundreds more..but as you are here you probably use emacs. Although emacs is not technically just a text editor, it does have text editing capabilities and we will consider it to be one for the purposes of this post. We will look at how the line deletion capabilities of the vi editor can be duplicated in emacs.

how to remove empty or blank lines from text files in linux

You may need to remove empty lines from a text file in order to compact them, for providing as input to another utility or just for readability. These could be any kind of files such as a badly formatted html file, a log file with lots of empty or blank lines or even source code files with double spacing.

network router: how and why to change channels..making router faster

It is very likely that you already use a network router to handle your home network. A network router gives you the ability to manage and configure both the wired and the wireless network on a local scale, usually for work or home. A wireless local area network (called WLAN) allows to link multiple devices and to a wider area network such as the internet.

sitemap generators: how to generate sitemaps for a website or blog

Sitemap is a list of URLs to webpages in your website that are to be made accessible to search engines and web crawlers. There are several different reasons to have a sitemap for the website, much of which is related to Webpage SEO.

how to detach process from the terminal in linux

In Linux and Unix systems, it is not uncommon to start a process from the command line or a terminal. In many cases, especially when logging remotely into a system without access to a graphical desktop, it is pretty much the only option.

seo: how to remove query strings from static resources

When you analyze your page using any page analyzer such as Page Speed, YSlow or Pingdom, you are very likely to see suggestions to remove query strings from static resources. This is an easy enough task that can get your pages and resource to cache better so that the pages can load faster.

how to change the user agent string in mozilla firefox

User Agent String is a string value associated with a web browser that specifies its browser type, version, Operating system (OS) version and other relevant information and you can change user agent string as needed on your browser. This information is send to the web server when the web browser makes a request for a page or content.

how to create different RSS feeds in wordpress for your website

RSS (Rich Site Summary) feeds are standardized web formats used to publish frequently updated content. Users or subscribers can subscribe to these feeds so that they can receive content as soon as it is published. This is known as content syndication and is usually a very low cost method to keep and retain your readers actively. If your website or blog have content that gets frequently updated, and you rely on regular and returning users, then it is imperative that you create RSS feeds on your website.

seo: what is HTTP keep alive and how to enable it on your server

HTTP Keep Alive or Persistent Connection is a term that refers to the message sent between two devices, in this case the client machine and the web server, in order to maintain the connection between the two and prevent it from being broken. These are extremely small messages that take up very little bandwidth.

how to easily format USB drives (flash drive) from linux command line

USB Drives or Flash drives are mostly just like any other drive like a hard drive. Occasionally you will want to format USB drives just as any other drive. Most commercially available USB drives are PC and Mac compliant, in that it is easy enough to reformat them on those operating systems, usually with a graphical interface with interactivity.

how to chain commands in linux command line (with examples)

Sometimes you would want to run multiple commands in succession or simultaneously. This is usually useful when running processes or commands that is expected to run for a long period of time. This allows you to automate a process that include several commands that may or may not depend on the result of the previous command.

how to create an XML sitemap using wget and shell script

A SiteMap or Site Map is a file that lists the pages of a webpage that are accessible to users and search engines. This can be in any format as long as whoever is reading it can understand the format. There are mainly two types of format that are used when creating a site map: XML and HTML.

how to list processes in linux from command prompt

Processes or Tasks are the executing instances of a particular application or program in an operating system. All running programs including operating system will have its own process. Also, you can have multiple instances of the same program running, each of which will have separate processes.

seo: how to minimize the request size in an HTTP request

Every page load on the web browser involves several connections to the server usually numbering in the hundreds, each of which ideally involves a request to the server and a response from the server. In order to speed up the page load times, you will need to reduce both the number of requests as well as the size of the request and the response.

how to install or update a wordpress theme

One of the most important component of the WordPress framework is the theme. The most important function of the theme probably is to decide the look and feel of the website. But it also have other implications such as influencing various SEO factors. A badly-coded or outdated theme can negatively affect SEO which makes it important to keep your theme updated.

how to change the wireless network name (SSID) in the network router

A network router is an important part of the home network. Although it is not strictly essential, it is an important to have a network router if you want to use multiple devices or for wireless access and for security.

how to clear web cache in mozilla firefox…including memory, disk and offline cache

Web caching is a mechanism used mostly in browsers where it temporarily stores images, scripts, content and other parts of the webpage locally during the process of web browsing. There are several advantages to web caching while web browsing:

how to enable and disable web directory listing on your web server

The web server that you use to host your website has not only the ability to render and display web pages but also the ability to display directories and it content. This feature is also referred to as the directory listing of the server. To be honest, there is usually never a reason to enable the directory listing for a normal website.

how to set and unset cookies from webpages using Javascript or PHP

An HTTP Cookie or Web Cookie is a small piece of data that is send from the web server to the client browser that can be stored in the client machine for a future look ups.The cookies were primarily designed as a mechanism to maintain a session state of the user sessions without too much network and/or server traffic.

how to find the size of folders and their sub-folders in linux?

No matter what operating system you use, you routinely would want to know the size of folders, sub-folders and files on your file system. Keeping your file system organized is just good practice and a tool to proper maintenance of your system. And Linux is no exception.

how to download, install and use google web fonts in linux

Google Fonts has several hundreds of open source fonts that are optimized for web use. Even though they are designed to be used in web pages, it can still be used as a desktop font. In order to use any font as a desktop font, you will need to install it on your system.

how to delete cookies in mozilla firefox

Cookies or Web Cookies have almost become an integral part of modern day web browsing. Cookies are small (usually and hopefully) pieces of data stored on your machine by websites as and when you visit them. It usually contains the kind of information that a website may find useful as you are browsing or when you return to the same website at a later time.

how to delete lines in vi or vim editor in linux

If you use vi or vim editor to edit text files, then you should be aware of the different text manipulation commands that exist in the editor. One of the common actions you will perform is the deletion of a single line or the deletion of multiple lines of text from with in the editor.

how to edit and convert a PDF documents to other formats

Portable Document Format (PDF) is the most popular format for document exchange. It is a fixed and flat layout which renders the document almost uniformly across all platforms. It became popular for a whole lot of reasons, but editing was probably not one of them. It is possible to convert almost any document format into a PDF and with a much smaller file size. Due to its smaller file size, it makes it easier to share large documents and be sent over emails.

how to disable comments from posts and pages in wordpress

WordPress is one of the most popular blogging framework that is used by many different sites. Commenting is often an essential part of blogs and is a feature that is built into the WordPress framework. But many a times you might want to disable comments on a blog post, a specific page or the entire site. There could be any number of varied reasons for this…

how to reboot, logout or shutdown linux machines from command line

All desktop environments has menu options to shut down and reboot machines. Most times there are also keyboard shortcuts that the X or the desktop support that allow you to shut down machines. The most commonly used keyboard shortcut is Ctrl/+/Alt/+/Del.

how to find the RAM (or memory) that is available in linux

Often times you want to know how much RAM or memory is installed on your machine and how much of it is currently being used. This is especially useful if you find that your machine is acting sluggish or crashing repeatedly. It can also come in handy after you have upgraded the memory on your machine, you want to make sure that the new memory is getting used.

how to block spam comments and trackback spam in wordpress?

Comment Spam and Referrer spam on websites, blogs and forums have always been a nuisance if not anything. When left unchecked, it takes up a whole lot of time in cleaning up and maintenance. The more popular your site, the bigger the threat of spam.

how to add a favicon to my website and uses of a favicon

A Favicon is a graphic icon or a small image that is associated with a website and displayed as a visual indicator of your website. It is meant to be an abbreviated term for Favorite Icon. Most websites have a brand and a brand image that uniquely identifies it. The favicon is usually the brand image in a smaller form, however it does not have to be the same as the brand logo.

how to change port number of ftp (vsftpd, ProFTPd) in linux

One of the most popular methods of transferring files between machines is using a FTP server and client. There are quite a few FTP servers out there, and almost all of the Linux distros comes with one by default. If you are not happy with the one that is installed by default, you can always install another one.

7 linux commands that will help you learn other linux commands

One of the daunting task that most Linux beginners face is the sheer number of several different commands and utilities that are available. Some of these commands might seem to do the exact same things. Each of these commands have numerous command line options on top of it. Yes. having choices comes at a price.

6 advanced linux commands you should know to be more productive

Almost every functionality in Linux is implemented as commands and command line utilities. If you work with command shells, then it is important that you have a working knowledge of many of these commands.

how to create large files in linux from command line

Sometimes you will need to create large files in Linux or even a file with desired size and content, especially if you are a developer. Such files are especially useful for testing purposes such as testing the upload speed of your internet connection. You might want especially large text files with actual readable characters or you might be okay with binary files. Either way, you want a quick and easy way to create multiple files of varying sizes.

how to terminate or kill a process in linux

Each running tasks or programs in a system is called a process in the operating system terminology. At certain times, it is possible for a program to get into a state where it is no longer responsive and hence be need to be terminated manually.

7 simple keyboard shortcuts you should know in linux command shell

When using the command shell or terminal in Linux, there are several keyboard shortcuts available to you that perform common functions. Many of these shortcuts are common across many of the different shells, such as bash, csh, ksh or fish. That means you do not have to remember different commands for different shells.

how to configure proxy server in linux

Proxy server is an interface that allows you to connect or use a service (usually a remote resource) that is usually resource intensive. It is also used by large area network to manage network traffic and as a security measure within the network.

how to create a text file in linux from command line

Most often when you want to create a file, you will open your favorite text editor and create a new text file. You can then use the editor to add and modify content to the file and save it to the disk. This works best when you have a desktop environment on your system. If you are working using command line from a terminal or remotely then it might not be an option.

how to use secure copy (scp) to copy files in linux

If you work with computers of any kind, sooner or later you will want to copy files between folders. Often times you want to copy files between machines or computers over a network as well.

quick response (QR) codes and how to use it

You may or may not have come across a QR code in recent times. You could have seen them on a business cards, in print advertisements in magazine or store fronts or on a store aisle.

shutter - the versatile screen capturing software for gnome and linux

The default Gnome screenshot capturing software is gnome-screenshot (in most distros). Though it is a good utility, it severely lacks in features and flexibility. There are a couple of other good options for a screen capturing software in Gnome. Ksnapshot is a good alternative in most cases, even though it is native to KDE. Another option is to use GIMP if you already have it installed.

how to save or export bookmarks from mozilla firefox

Bookmarks are getting pretty outdated in modern day browsing as more and more cloud services take over the functionality of keeping track of the pages, page content and the URLs that you want to visit later. The cloud services and sync functionalities in the browser give you several good features such as keeping the bookmarks in sync and the ability to access them from different devices.

how to center images vertically and horizontally in html and css

Aligning elements in a webpage is probably one of the most challenging things for a beginner. You know all the HTML tags and your code is correct but somehow things just don't align how you want it to be. One of the important concepts to understand is the type of elements: block elements and inline elements. Inline elements will go with the flow of the page while block elements can break the flow and start on a new line.

5 caveats to be aware of before using data compression

Data Compression or compressing of your files and folders do have many advantages. It is a process by which the resources such as disk space and network time can be conserved by reducing the overall size of the files. There are several reasons as to why you might want to compress the files and folders, several of which are good.

how to append or add text to a file in linux

Append is defined as "to add something new to something that is existing, as an attachment or supplement". Sometimes you will need to append text to an already existing text file. This text could come from any source, such as a line of text from the command line, the output of a command or from another text file.

some useful things that you can do with your linux hosts file

The hosts file is one of the important files on the machines, related to networking. It is used to map hostnames to IP addresses and pretty much is similar in functionality to a DNS server.

how to split windows vertically and horizontally in emacs

One of the most useful features of modern text editors and IDEs is the ability to split the screen into multiple windows and edit/view different files in them. Emacs is no exception and makes it easy to do so.

how to configure mouse speed and acceleration in kde (K desktop env)

The mouse or cursor settings are something that is usually set once and forgotten. You don't usually need to set it again unless something accidentally gets changed or you get a newer mouse or hardware.

how to reload shell profile without restarting the command prompt in linux

In Linux there are several options that can be set in the shell profile or shell environment, such as the environment variables. The environment variable can be the path, the classpath or prompt display among various others. Every time you edit one of the shell profile files, you need to reload shell profile or the command shell itself for the modifications to take effect.

how to delete all empty directories in linux

You might already know that in Linux a directory have to be empty before it can be deleted. Well…not quite true, you can force delete the directories. What if you want to remove only empty directories recursively from the folder structure?

how to list members of an user group in linux

In Linux, as with most operating system a user is someone who can login and use the computer. Having separate accounts for each of the individual users allows you to manage the users better in terms of security. Users and Groups are concepts in Linux (and other OS-es) that are primarily used for permission-ing and to control access to files, directories and peripherals.

how to enable or disable javascript in mozilla firefox

JavaScript is an integral part of most modern day websites. It was not long ago that JavaScript (JS) was considered a major security concern. It still is, but the functionality that it provides to most websites far outweigh the security concerns. Also, the JS implementation has got more robust in all web browsers.

seo: how to get the most out of gzip compression of web pages

Enabling compression on your web server can reduce the latency and load time of your web pages enormously. Compression reduces the size of the web pages thus reducing the download time of the webpage. It also helps to reduce the bandwidth used by the server and increase the web server capacity.

how to resize multiple images in batch from command line in linux

Resizing images is one of the many different ways that you can optimize your images or photos for web usage. One of the most important factors affecting the SEO of the webpage is the page load time. If your web page contains one or more images, then optimizing these images will make the total size of the webpage smaller and thus will improve the page load times.

how to find the best image size for your webpage..improve the page load speed

More often than not, the load time of your web pages is quite important. One of the major reasons for a slow loading web page is images that have not been optimized for the best image size. The faster your page loads, the higher the user engagement and lower the bounce rate for the website. The page load time is also one of the major factors in SEO optimization of the website.

how to reduce image size using any photo editing software

A high resolution image or photograph usually also have a very high file size. If you are planning to upload the image to a website to share or just using it on your webpage or blog a page, then the image size becomes a problem. A large image size is not desirable in many situations.

the pros and cons of using 3rd party javascripts in websites

Most modern-day websites use several different features that are provided by third-party vendors. The use of these third-party features or plugins allow you to easily incorporate common and popular functionalities without having to develop them yourself or in-house.

how to create a compressed archive (tar and gzip) of a folder in linux

Creating a compressed archive of folders and files have multiple uses, such as backing up and storing files or easier and faster transfer of file over networks. A compressed archive is mainly a combination of two separate processes: archiving and compressing. This allows for two things: compression which saves space and archiving which bundles multiple files (usually related) into a single bundle.

5 softwares and utilities that can compress large files in linux

There are several different data compression software that you can use on Linux. Your choice of the software to use will vary depending on the size of the file, when you compress large files you might want to use a different program than when you compress a large number of smaller files. Some of these programs are more popular than others and hence it is quite possible that only a few of them are available out of the box on your Linux distribution. It is always possible to install your favorite one later.

how to add new files into an archive file (tar, gz, zip) in linux (also delete files)

There are several programs, both command line and GUI based that will allow you to view and extract the contents of an archive. But sometimes, you will need to modify an existing archive file, such as add files to the archive, delete an existing file in the archive or rename a file in the archive.

how to unzip files in linux command line

In Linux, tar and gzip is the widely used archiving and compressing file format. Another most widely file compression file format is zip, which is more popular in other operating systems such as Windows.

how to empty or truncate a file in linux

Quite often it is possible to end up with large files, especially large log files on your system. Sometimes, you want to start over by emptying the file especially if you are trying to minimize disk space. This is especially true about log files, which often contains a large amount of outdated data. This is not just relegated to log files, but could also happen to output files or any other file as well.

the differences between static and dynamic webpages..and which is better for seo?

Webpages and in turn websites can generally be classified into two broad categories: Static and Dynamic.The basic difference between these two types of web content is how it is created or put together each time it is accessed.

how to view, edit, unset and delete an environment variable in linux

On Linux and/or Unix operating systems, an environment or system variable is a name-value pair that is available system wide and is used to share information between applications. These (pre) named objects are usually used as configuration settings that an application can lookup provided it knows the name of the variable or object.

how to show line numbers in the "less" command line file viewer

No matter which file viewer you are using, you more often than not would want to show line numbers along with the contents of the file. The less file viewer is no different. First, let me describe what the less utility does, before I tell you how to show line numbers in less.

searching for classes inside java archive files (jar files) from the command line

Sometimes it is not enough to search for files on your hard drive, but you want to search for files inside the file archives. One good example is when you have to find a particular java class by name inside some jar file. Now, we do not know which jar file contains this particular class, and there are several jar files in several folders.

how to find files by name and content in linux or unix from the command line

So, you saved some information in a file somewhere in your hard drive sometime back and cannot find the file anymore. You vaguely remember the file name but don't know where it is, and obviously you have about 13247 file folders and thousands and thousands of files. The easiest way to find the file that you want is using one of the locate commands.

how to set the font and font size in emacs editor

Everybody has a different preference for fonts, font size and the look and feel of the editor that they are using. Most modern editors allow you to customize every single aspect of the look and feel and emacs is no exception.

how to configure proxy server in kde

Depending on the network you are connected to, you may need to configure a proxy server in order for you to connect to the internet. A proxy server is not a part of every network and is not a required component of a network. Large networks, such as corporate networks usually have a proxy server that allows the network traffic to be managed better.

6 most important and advanced linux commands for everyday use

For most users working with the command shell is a big part of the Linux operating system. To be honest, most modern Linux distros are quite user friendly and you can use it as an your everyday system with out even accessing the command shell. That does not mean you should not use it.

understanding log files in linux…where to look when things go wrong

If you spend any amount of time working on Linux environments, either as an user or as an administrator then it is inevitable that you will need to check the log files at some point. It is quite possible that the system or an application is misbehaving or is not working and the best way to fix the issue would be to find out what is wrong by looking at the log files. Looking into the log files is usually the first step in troubleshooting an issue.

how to use a mailto link tag in html webpages

Many small business websites are build once and usually never maintained after that. The content updates are far and few in between and the functionality pretty much stays the same. never fixed when broken. This is especially true of non-retail websites that do not sell any products online.

what are linux commands and the 4 types of them

In Linux or any unix based system, a command refers to a directive that can used to invoke computer program. This program then acts as an interpreter to the command and its options and arguments, and performs a specific task. In most scenarios, a command refers to a directive in the command line which is usually a shell such as bash, csh, ksh etc.

what are server response codes and how do they relate to seo?

HTTP status codes are three digits numbers that are returned by a web server in response to a web request by a client. This code provides some general information about the status of the request to the client. The response may (or may not) also contain a descriptive text regarding the status of the request.

how to find large files in a folder in linux using command line

Sometimes, you need to find large files in a file system that is taking up most of the disk space so that it can be cleaned up to preserve space. These files could be inside folders and sub-folders many levels deep, thus making it almost impossible to navigate to each one of them.

how to change line spacing or line height in html

When coding html pages for a website, the line spacing of the text content is probably one of attributes that is usually left as default. Most of the time, you do not even think about it and the default works the best in most browsers.

7 softwares with a graphical interface that you can use to find large files in linux

Quite often you have to find large files in your system so that you can clean it up and reclaim some of the disk space. It is almost impractical to go though each and every folder in order to identify large files that can deleted. There are some disk analyzers that you can use to scan your hard disk and find those large files.

how to abort, quit and exit emacs

There is a long standing joke about the vim text editor which somehow depicts the complexity of the text editors when it comes to newbies……It usually goes something like this.

how to find which program or process is using the port in linux

A port in computer networking refers to a communication end point on a particular machine. It is associated with one machine or an IP address and is used as a communication mechanism between two or more machines.

A port is said to be open, when a software is actively using the port either to receive or to send data and/or requests. Often times, there are programs that run all the time (such as services) by actively listening on certain ports for requests. A web server is good example, where a server such as Apache is listening on port 80 for requests from different client machines and serving web pages.

11 simple rsync examples that you can use to be more productive

If you have been working with Linux for any amount of time, you must be familiar with the rsync command utility. rsync is a very powerful tool that allows you to synchronize files between two locations, even remote locations over the network. It is a very powerful file transfer tool with definite advantages over any other copy programs.

4 advanced calculators that you can use from linux command line

Almost all modern day Linux distros come with a calculator application by default, unless you use Gentoo, Arch or a similar distro. Most times such GUI based calculator are sufficient to do some quick calculations. However you may not have access to a GUI based system all the time, and you would want to use a command line based calculator utility.

why is inline CSS bad….and is it really that bad?

Many webpage analyzers and most website designers will actively discourage you from using inline CSS (cascading style sheets) in your web pages. There are usually very good reasons for it, and let's see why it is generally frowned upon.

how to change permissions of files and folders in linux

File Permissions in Linux is one of its core security features. Understanding and setting the appropriate file permissions correctly can keep your system safe and secure especially in a multi user environment. In Linux, you can change permissions on a per file or per folder basis. Actually, folders or directories in Linux is actually implemented as a special type of file, so the steps are essentially the same.

how to list all hard disks in linux from command line

Hard Disk, Hard Drive, Disk Drive or Hard Disk Drive are all names for a data storage device (hardware device) for storing and retrieving digital information usually in a computer. A computer can have multiple hard disks attached to it, both internal and external.

how to login as root or super user into a linux system

Super User or root in Linux is a user who has all the rights and permissions including the administrative rights to the system. More often than not, the root is the super user on the Linux systems. Because of this it is usually advisable not to use root as the everyday user on the system even if it is a single user system.

how to change the document root directory in apache web server in linux

The Apache Web Server is one of the most popular web servers that is used both in development and production. As per the latest count, it boasts close to 50% of the market share. There are many reasons as to why the Apache server is popular.

what is a disk partition and why you should partition your disk?

Disk Partitions are logical sections or volumes on the same hard disk or a data storage device that act as separate disks for all practical purposes. Each of these partitions maintains their own address tables (or Master File Table) and file system information.

disk partition: how to partition a hard disk in linux

Disk Partitioning is a process by which one or more logical drives are created in a single data storage device. This creates a continuous set of blocks on the device along with its own address tables and is treated by the operating system as an independent disk.

how to list disk partitions in linux from command line

It is very likely that the hard disk or hard drive on your machine is divided into multiple partitions, as it allows for it to be accessed independently. There are several different reasons as to why you should partition your disk and it probably is already partitioned for you if you have not done it yourself.

how to insert google analytics tracking code into the wordpress header manually

When inserting the google analytics tracking code manually into a WordPress blog, Google recommends that it be the last piece of code before the end of the head tag. Some WordPress themes suggest that wp_head() must be the last code before the end head tag. So, which goes last !?

how to add google analytics tracking code to your wordpress blog

Google Analytics is a tracking service from Google which can be used to track your blog's popularity, user behavior, user interaction among many other features. Understanding what your users do when they are on your website and what they read will help you increase the popularity of your blog. It allows you to understand what the reader's respond to most, find out which of your blog posts are the most popular and how the readers find your blog posts etc etc.

how to add google analytics tracking code to a website

Google Analytics is a tracking service from Google which allows you to track user behavior and interaction among other features in a website. It just requires you to insert a few lines of custom JavaScript code or the Google Analytics tracking code as it is known, into your webpages that you need to track. You get plethora of statistics about your website performance and visitors.

what is a command shell in linux

Many posts on this site deals exclusively with how to get things done in Linux using just a command shell. We use the terms shell, command shell, command prompt, command line, console and terminal interchangeably most of the times. In most cases, it does not matter and it all means the same but there is some subtle differences between shell and terminal.

how to run a script (.sh) file in linux from command line

Scripts are an integral part of any Linux or Unix systems. It refers to a piece of non-compiled programming code that requires an interpreter at run time to perform a task. The scripts can use any of the interpreted language such as Linux shell, Perl, Python, Ruby, JavaScript or any of the other hundreds of interpreted computer languages.

3 ways to list all currently logged in users in linux

Many a time in multi-user environments like Linux, you want to find all the logged in sessions or list all logged in users. This will allow you to know if there has been any 'defunct' sessions which has hanging around for long. This might even be necessary from a security perspective. It could also help you to figure out if there is any particular user and process that is hogging the system resources.

how to copy the directory structure without the files in linux

Sometimes, you want to replicate just the structure of a directory to another location, without any of the files that reside inside the directory or the sub-directories. It is quite easy to copy over entire directory including the files by using the cp command. But the cp command does not provide an easy way to exclude files while copying or an option that will allow to just copy directory structure or folders.

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